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Spotlight General Court Rules on EPPO Investigative Powers Vis-à-Vis European Court of Auditors 
10 August 2026
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 1/2026
On 10 June 2026, the General Court of the EU delivered its judgment in Case T-99/25, European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) v European Court of Auditors. The case concerned the question whether EU institutions may rely on unresolved immunity issues and confidentiality rules to prevent the EPPO from gathering evidence in the context of a criminal investigation and clarified the limits of institutional objections to EPPO investigative measures. Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) Protection of Financial Interests
Spotlight AG: Associations Can Bring Annulment Actions against RRF Approval 
1 July 2026
Thomas Wahl Thomas Wahl in Issue 1/2026
In her Opinion of 16 April 2026 in Case C-555/24 P (Medel and Others v Council), Advocate General (AG) Tamara Ćapeta proposed that associations representing judges have standing to bring actions for annulment against the Council’s decision approving justice system milestones concerning Poland under the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). Read more
EU Rule of Law Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Protection of Financial Interests Procedural Safeguards
CJEU: Judicial Statistics 2025 
15 April 2026
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 1/2026
On 20 March 2026, the CJEU published its judicial statistics for the year 2025. It is confirmed that the Court operates at a very high level of activity while improving efficiency, particularly through reduced procedural duration and structural reforms. Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
ECJ: Court of Last Instance Must Justify Refusal to Refer 
2 March 2026
Thomas Wahl Thomas Wahl in Issue 1/2026
On 24 March 2026, the ECJ ruled in the Remling case (C-767/23) that a national court of last instance must always provide reasons for refusing to refer questions to the Court of Justice of the EU for a preliminary ruling. Even if such … Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
ECJ Reprimands Polish Constitutional Court and Denies its Independence 
10 February 2026
Thomas Wahl Thomas Wahl in Issue 4/2025
In its judgment of 18 December 2025 in infringement proceedings C-448/23 brought by the European Commission against Poland, the ECJ's Grand Chamber postulate that national constitutional courts cannot override the primacy of EU law either by invoking their respective constitutional identity or by means of ultra vires review. Read more
EU Rule of Law Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
CJEU: New Website, Search Engine, and Web TV 
23 January 2026 (updated 8 months, 1 week ago)
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 4/2025
At the beginning of 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union modernised its digital communication to enhance openness, transparency, and accessibility for both the general public and legal professionals. This initiative includes the launch of a fully redesigned website; an upgraded and more powerful search engine (InfoCuria); and a new audiovisual platform (CVRIA Web TV). Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
Partial Renewal of Members and Chambers of the General Court 
28 October 2025
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 3/2025
Following the partial renewal of the Members of the General Court, the representatives of the governments of the Member States of the EU renewed the terms of office of 19 judges of the General Court (Suzanne Kingston, Colm Mac Eochaidh, José Martín y Pérez … Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
CJEU Rulings on Restrictive EU Measures against Russia (May – October 2025) 
27 October 2025
Dr. Anna Pingen Dr. Anna Pingen in Issue 2/2025
This news item summarises rulings by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), i.e. the General Court (GC) and the Court of Justice (ECJ), between May 2025 and October 2025 in relation to EU sanctions against Russia in response to the war in Ukraine. For previous developments → eucrim 1/2025, 6-7. Read more
EU Ukraine conflict Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Freezing of Assets / Confiscation
General Court Confirms Adequacy of U.S. Data Protection 
3 October 2025
Dr. Anna Pingen Dr. Anna Pingen / Thomas Wahl Thomas Wahl in Issue 2/2025
On 3 September 2025, the General Court (GC) dismissed an action seeking annulment of the Commission’s adequacy decision of 10 July 2023 (Decision EU 2023/1795), namely that the United States of America ensure an adequate level of protection for personal data transferred from the EU under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework. Read more
EU Fundamental Rights Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Data Protection
Spotlight ECJ Clarifies Principle Lex Posterior Mitius 
2 October 2025
Thomas Wahl Thomas Wahl in Issue 2/2025
In its judgment in BAJI Trans of 1 August 2025, the ECJ provided important clarifications on the scope and application of the principle that the more lenient law should apply in criminal cases. This so-called principle lex posterior mitius is enshrined in the last sentence of Art. 49(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. Read more
EU Fundamental Rights Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
First Preliminary Ruling by the General Court Delivered 
31 July 2025
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 2/2025
On 9 July 2025, approximately nine months after jurisdiction to rule on references for a preliminary ruling was conferred on it, the General Court of the European Union delivered its first preliminary ruling judgment. The case concerned the recovery of excise duties and the compatibility of Croatian law with an EC Directive. Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Tax Evasion
Spotlight ECJ Judgment on Judicial Review of Acts of EDPs 
9 July 2025
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. / Thomas Wahl Thomas Wahl in Issue 1/2025
In a judgment handed down at the beginning of April 2025, the ECJ ruled that procedural acts of the EPPO capable of affecting the legal situation of persons challenging them must be amenable to judicial review. It is, however, up to the national court to determine whether or not this is the case - by means of a concrete and specific examination. Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) Procedural Safeguards
AG: EDPS Has Right to Act against Europol Regulation Amendments 
30 May 2025
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 2/2025
In an opinion, delivered on 8 May 2025, Advocate General Sánchez-Bordona proposed that the European Data Protection Supervisor should have the right to action against amendments to the Europol Regulation concerning the processing of personal data by Europol. Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Europol European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS)
CJEU Rulings on EU's Restrictive Measures against Russia (January - April 2025) 
19 May 2025
Dr. Anna Pingen Dr. Anna Pingen / Thomas Wahl Thomas Wahl in Issue 1/2025
This news item summarises rulings by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), i.e. General Court (GC) and Court of Justice (ECJ), taken in the period between January 2025 and April 2025 in relation to EU sanctions against Russia in response to its war in Ukraine. Read more
EU Ukraine conflict Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
CJEU: Judicial Statistics 2024 
29 April 2025
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 1/2025
On 21 March 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) published its judicial statistics for the year 2024. In total, 1,706 new cases were brought before and 1,785 cases were completed by the Court of Justice (ECJ) and the General Court. … Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
Partial Renewal of the Judges of the General Court 
29 April 2025
Cornelia Riehle LL.M. Cornelia Riehle LL.M. in Issue 1/2025
On 26 March 2025, in view of the terms of twenty-six judges expiring on 31 August 2025, representatives of the governments of the EU Member States appointed thirteen judges to the General Court of the EU as part of a partial renewal.For the remainder … Read more
EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)