On 13 October 2025, the JHA Council adopted a decision authorising the European Commission and EU Member States to sign the United Nations Convention against cybercrime. The Convention was adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2024 and opened for signature on 25 October 2025.

A key element of the Convention is the harmonisation of criminal conduct of certain cyber-related offences. Participating countries are committed to make certain conduct (e.g. ICT system-related theft or fraud, illegal interception, and interference with electronic data or ICT systems) a criminal offence in their national legislation. The Convention will also give an impetus to criminalise acts related to online child sexual abuse material, grooming as well as the non-consensual dissemination of intimate images. With regard to criminal procedure, the Convention enables the effective collection of electronic evidence. It also fosters international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting the cybercrime offences under the Convention.