On 15 July 2021, the European Commission referred Italy to the CJEU for the country’s failure to comply with the requirements for the exchange of information on terrorism and serious crime cases in accordance with Council Decisions 2008/615/JHA and 2008/616/JHA – the so-called “Prüm Decisions”. The “heart” of the Prüm framework is the swift access and exchange of information on DNA, fingerprints and national vehicle registration data, enabling law enforcement authorities to identify suspects and make links between criminal cases throughout the Union. The infringement procedures against Italy already started four years ago. After having urged Italy to comply with its obligations from the Prüm Decisions in a reasoned opinion in 2017, the Commission repeated enquiries on the progress made. Since Italy still does not allow other Member States access to its DNA, fingerprint and vehicle registration data, the Commission decided to launch the next step of the infringement procedure and take Italy to court.