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This news item summarises rulings by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), i.e. the General Court (GC) and the Court of Justice (ECJ), between May 2025 and October 2025 in relation to EU sanctions against Russia in response to the war in Ukraine. For previous developments → eucrim 1/2025, 6-7.

The EU's ne bis in idem principle prevents a person from being punished for individual terrorist acts if that person has already been punished by another Member State for involvement in a terrorist association with a view to preparing a terrorist act. This is the main statement in the ECJ's ruling of 11 September 2025 in Case C-802/23 (MSIG).

The €520 million VAT fraud scheme Moby Dick was once again the focus of anoperation on 25 June 2025, when Italian authorities arrested 11 suspects at the request of the EPPO in Milan and Palermo. The syndicate is suspected of laundering the proceeds …

In its EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2025, Europol observed that the involvement of minors and young people in terrorism and violent extremism represents a worrying development that continued to grow in 2024. Adding to these challenges is the growing intertwining of individuals’ digital and physical lives.

Under the title "Steal, deal, and repeat: How cybercriminals trade and exploit your data", the 2025 IOCTA by Europol provides a detailed analysis of the significant developments, changes, and emerging threats in cybercrime in 2024.

In June 2025, the Council of Europe’s Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) has published its latest general report. This report covers developments in 2024 and marks 15 years of sustained efforts to combat human trafficking in Europe and beyond.

A new report by the Genocide Prosecution Network, published in early September 2025, provides legal strategies and practical guidance for prosecuting foreign terrorist fighters and female returnees for terrorism-related offences and war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide ("core international crimes"). It emphasises that this approach ensures comprehensive accountability and justice for victims.

On 18 July 2025, Europol’s Innovation Lab published a concept paper on how the police can adapt to citizens' increasingly digital lives. It gives guidance on how police can be present wherever citizens are online, delivering safety and protection much like in the physical world.

On 5 May 2025, the first European Prosecutors for Poland and Sweden took the oath before the Court of Justice of the EU. The European Prosecutors are appointed for a non-renewable term of six years.Prior to becoming the first European Prosecutor for Poland, Ms …