The case concerns the interpretation of Article 15(1) of the ePrivacy Directive 2002/58/EC (as amended), in light of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the new Regulation 2023/1543 on electronic evidence. Specifically, the questions relate to whether access by public authorities to log-in/log-out data (log files) for the purpose of identifying offenders constitutes a serious interference with fundamental rights, and under what conditions such access is justified.